Stephen Morris on Joy Division and New Order

Stephen Morris was always much more than the drummer in Joy Division and New Order; he played a key role in the sonic experimentation that made both bands so special. In this interview, he talks about Joy Division’s tinkering with electronics and how Factory Records producer Martin Hannett’s use of the studio as creative instrument often baffled the band, and how happy accidents with drum machines and synths created some of New Order’s most memorable moments. He also explains the impact that electro producer Arthur Baker and the ecstatic vibrations of Ibiza had on the band’s music.

In one of your two autobiographies (‘Record Play Pause’ and ‘Fast Forward’), you write about how you were keen on Hawkwind when you were young. And a lot of people I’ve spoken to while doing this book have been saying that Hawkwind were quite important to them growing up, when they were expanding their musical horizons. Why was Hawkwind’s sound so exciting at that point in time?

That's a good question. The first Hawkwind record I got was In Search of Space, and that was like a fantastic thing - the sleeve opens out, it's great, and it had all weird noises on it. They called it space rock at the time. But it was really when I went to see them live, because on ‘In Search of Space’, it was still kind of the old Hawkwind line-up at the time, and I had no idea who was in the bloody band. I knew [science fiction author] Michael Moorcock had something to do with it. So that appealed to the science fiction bit of me.

When I saw them live, I got a full sonic psychedelic onslaught that was kind of punk before punk, very raw, and it was great the way that they were using synths not with a keyboard, just as noises, and how you never knew where one song started and another one began. It was just one long jam.

It was kind of punk before punk, like Neu!, who were also like, I thought, very punk, sounding like a record somebody's made in the bedroom or something like that.

In the early stages of Joy Division you were always open to experimenting with electronic sounds and textures and you had a synth built out of a kit.

We were really, because Bernard [Sumner] built that kit synth and I got a syndrum, I think I was labouring under the delusion that it was like cheating - not being particularly interested in learning about music, I thought if you got a synthesizer, it'd do it for itself. Like a Teasmade, but making music.

And I did find out they were good at making noises. When I first got a syndrum, I found I could just twiddle a few knobs and get a wild and interesting sound out of it without knowing what the hell I was doing. Helicopters! Machine guns! Lasers! Stuff like that which is a bit more interesting in some respects than just hitting a drum. It was it was that really that particularly drew me to it - without reading the manual, twiddling a few knobs could get you something good.

How important was Martin Hannett in creating this sound that was nothing like your live sound at all - a kind of studio music.

Martin was very, very important to the sound of Joy Division. But unfortunately, he wasn’t really the most communicative of people – sometimes I wonder if he knew what the idea in his head was, or whether he was actually just making it up and seeing what happened.

He was very, very into technology. His big thing that sort of impacted on me most was that he wanted a very particular drum sound. Because he had all these boxes, the AMS delay line, and he wanted to use these to process the drum sounds, and so what he wanted was no [sound] spill. So the snare drum and bass drum were all recorded individually then he's messed about with the sound. That was his thing.

But he wasn't the first person to be doing it. It was kind of a bit of a thing in 1979 - that was because record sounds are kind of cyclical and one person doesn't just get an idea in isolation, they've all got it off somebody else. And and it was just recently I was reading about Clem Burke doing ‘Heart of Glass’ with Blondie and he went through exactly the same thing.

What Martin did with Joy Division was he put it in a place that didn’t really exist anywhere, and it certainly didn’t exist in our heads. We had an idea about what it should sound like – we’d have done it more like The Stooges. But Martin gave it an atmosphere, using the studio as an instrument and all these effects and delay lines to process the drums. And we were keen to experiment because we'd never really been in the studio for any length of time – we’d go along with all those things because we’d never done it before. It was interesting to learn.

At the start of New Order, you had an opportunity for change, did the use of electronics offer a way for the band to have this second creative existence?

It did. And again, that was through Martin, because Martin's idea was to buy the [Boss] Dr. Rhythm DR-55 drum machine. Martin said, “Get yourself a drum machine, I'm getting one so we'll order two and we'll get it cheaper.” So that's how we got it. We liked Kraftwerk and we liked Giorgio Moroder, that kind of metronomic, hypnotic electro beat.

On its own, the drum machine didn't do very much. But we got just got the [ARP] Quadra because we lost the [ARP] Omni or it broke. And we saw the 'trigger out', 'trigger in' and just put a lead in to see what happens. It went ‘dakka-dakka-dakka-dakka-dakka’ and we thought, “This sounds brilliant! It sounds like Giorgio Moroder, let’s just do a track just like this!”

It was a happy accident. There were lots of happy accidents at the time because the gear was very, very limited in what you could do with it. But it seemed magic.

It seems you had to kind of change your playing styles around it a bit, change the drums and bass because this was an additional rhythm and an additional baseline, so these new sounds were occupying those roles now.

That's right. Hooky just went more melodic, although he was already going that way. So he was playing more melodic lines and I just like did four-on-the-floor things and simple stuff.

It's interesting that the simple adoption of an another element created the whole sound of the band in some ways.

We had to change, we were in a state of not knowing what we were going to do next. And this thing just sort of presented itself really. ‘Everything's Gone Green’ was an experiment, like ‘Temptation’ was an experiment, like ‘Blue Monday’ was an experiment. And that was really the thing - get a new bit of gear, see how it works. Don't read the manual, just write a song.

You seem to have relied a lot on happy accidents…

Like the ‘Blue Monday’ top line [programmed by Gillian Gilbert]. Because the synchronisation aspect of things was pretty basic, if you got it a bit wrong, it sounded different. When we heard it, we were like, “It’s wrong – but in a really good way.”

Was it unanimous in the band that you would make this electronic step forward?

That's a good question. No, no, I don't think it was unanimous. But it doesn't really matter, as long as the stuff that you're doing is good. But we were carried along with the novelty of it too. And it was exciting.

I mean, I grumbled, because it was like, 'Well I'm supposed to be the drummer and I'm not doing too much drumming on the records.' I think the high point of that for me, of my Luddite thing, was when we got the [Oberheim] DMX drum machine . The Dr. Rhythm was OK, because I quite liked the fact that it couldn't sound much like drums, I liked the Toytown aspects of it. Those old drum machines, they've kind of got an atmosphere that's very like 1950s records,  there's something nostalgic about them, they are trying to do something but not quite succeeding, but at the same time it sounds something else. I mean the [Roland] 808 has become like a thing in itself. It actually sounds nothing like a bloody drum kit, but it's become ubiquitous in modern electronic music just by having that unique sound.

But when we got the DMX, which sounded exactly like a drummer. I remember doing [1983 album] Power, Corruption and Lies and thinking all the drums sound really good on this, but it's not me that's doing them! I'd do like Simmons [electronic drumkit] overdubs and stuff like that. So that really felt a bit like cheating.

When Gillian [Gilbert] joined the band, how much did it change the musical dynamic?

It did change things a lot. I mean, first of all, there was the writing thing. Because Joy Division just wrote in one way - we just jammed. And what we did was Joy Division, the four people in the room. And we got Gillian in on the basis that she wasn't an accomplished musician, she could play guitar a little bit, which is how we were when we started out.

But didn't we didn't explain that to her at all, I think we just thought, “Well, yeah, she'll just know automatically how to write songs because we started off like that.” But it didn't work like that, because we'd got this way of working which we couldn't really explain to ourselves to be honest, much less to somebody else. I think everybody had different expectations of what she was going to do, but we never said anything to each other about it.

So initially it was kind of like she was an extra pair of hands for Bernard – “play some chords on the keyboard and I'll do a bit of guitar”, or while he was doing the chords, she'd be trying to figure out something on the guitar. So it was a bit like that. And the tape machine just became like really, really important for writing stuff.

That was very brave move on her part and to go into an already existing situation and be determined to make a contribution.

You cannot underestimate the sudden shock and the change that bringing a female into what was sort of an all-lads club. It was difficult for her, she had to put up with the misogyny and all that fucking male bullshit, but it was what she wanted to do. She was a fan. It was a bit like Joy Division were her favourite band and suddenly we said, “Do you want to play with us?” And she said “yeah”.

But do you think it changed the way you made music because it was no longer just blokes?

Oh yeah, it did. It did. It did change the way we made music. And then the other thing that happened was we didn't have Martin [Hannett] anymore [as the band’s producer]. ‘Everything's Gone Green’ was the turning point.

I mean, when we did [New Order’s 1981 debut album] Movement, that was really us carrying on [after former singer Ian Curtis’s suicide], trying to write in the same way that we had with Joy Division, which worked pretty well, considering looking back on it, you think, “Oh God, that was a hard time.”

You then started working with Arthur Baker [on 1983 single ‘Confusion’]. How did he change the way you thought about what you could possibly achieve with music?

Yeah, that's a good one. Arthur. When we did ‘Blue Monday’, we'd heard about Arthur Baker, we'd heard these early hip-hop records: “Yeah, this is good. I wonder how you do something like this?” “Why don't we work with Arthur Baker and find out?” So we just went we just went to New York with absolutely no ideas.

We expected him to do something. And he expected us to do something completely different. But it was very, very interesting because Arthur Baker used the studio as a musical instrument, but in a different way to Martin. He wasn't a musician, he'd let the engineer do stuff and just base things on an 808 drum machine pattern. Whereas with Martin, it was very laborious and drawn out and you didn't know what was happening.

We learned a lot, really, working with Arthur – mainly that we should always have an idea. Because when we got to New York, we had no idea. We got stuck in this rehearsal room and it was a struggle to write something. And so Arthur was confronted with hours and hours of rambling jams. He just went: “No, I can’t listen to that.”

Because Arthur was a DJ, he said: “I just want that specific bit, just that bit – just play those two bars over and over and over.” And that was how ‘Confusion’ started, really. We built it from just an 808 riff, which was basically from Arthur’s file of 808 riffs.

When we were in the studio coming up with shit, he was finishing up the record for [UK band] Freeez [‘A-E-I-O-U’]. So the two records, ‘A-E-I-O-U’ and ‘Confusion’, happened sort of pretty much at the same time [in 1983].

When acid house eventually came along, did you feel like you’d been proved right all along with your belief in electronics and technology?

In some respects, yeah - I mean, acid house was great! And I'm very grateful for it because we'd made the mistake of investing in a nightclub [The Haçienda] and we'd lost a fortune because we had this place, which was a vast, empty space and nobody liked clubs like that. But suddenly acid house demanded vast empty spaces, and we'd got one.

There was this massive outpouring of talent in Manchester that was nurtured by the Haçienda, even in the pre-acid house days. You could argue that New Order were the patrons of these young talents by providing an arena in which they could develop.

In retrospect, yes, I agree with you. I agree that that is how it how it turned out and Tony Wilson would say, “Well, that's praxis”, but at the time it was like, “They're not paying to get in! We're losing money!”

How much was [New Order’s 1988 album] ‘Technique’ an attempt to channel this energy of acid house that was going at that moment?

Yeah, well, basically we'd gone to Ibiza [to start recording the album] and we were immersed in it. I mean, the thing about Technique is that it's not particularly acid house - our attempt at doing an acid house track was [single] ‘Fine Time’. But it’s got the same vibe, we were going to Amnesia [club in Ibiza] all the time, soaking up the vibes, which kind of came out through the record.

Even though we didn't actually get a great deal done in Ibiza, what we did get done had got some something about it which does come out through the record. It's got that kind of effortless summer holiday kind of feeling about it that you can't really pin down and you can't just consciously decide to do something like that. I mean, you do you stuff like that by trying to make a record in very strange circumstances when you're sort of off your head 24 hours a day…

Another happy accident, then?

Yeah. It was a happy accident.

One last question. When you and Gillian recorded as The Other Two, did you feel that you were now able to express certain things musically that you hadn't been able to do within the confines of New Order?

Right, The Other Two. Well, it was a very strange situation, The Other Two, because most people in a band, there's always this longing for solo greatness. But me and Gillian never really had much of a desire for that, but then Bernard's going off to do [side project] Electronic with Johnny Marr, and Hooky's off doing [side project] Revenge with whoever. And me and Gillian started writing stuff for television, which was something we'd never done before, which is another whole bunch of technology that you've suddenly you've got to figure out how to do it.

And so we've built a studio in the loft of our house and just started writing stuff, which we'd never done before. Before that it had got to be four people - everyone's got to be in the room. Which is like one of the things that stemmed back to Joy Division – if you're going to write a song, everybody's got to be in the room.

When we started off doing The Other Two, it was very interesting, writing for television – writing to order, which we'd never had to do before. The hard thing was when [Factory Records executive] Alan Erasmus says, “Why don't you do an album?” And then immediately, which is the mistake that we made, we thought that means we'll have to turn all these ambient noodly things we’d done into songs and we'll have to get someone singing. And in a way that kind of made things more difficult.

If we just been a bit more organic about it, it would have turned out completely different, but we kind of found ourselves having to get a singer. We got Kim Wilde, who was great. But then Kim Wilde turns up and Gillian sees someone singing and says, “Well I could do that.” “Right. OK. You do it then.” And that was great. Gillian’s really good at singing. Unfortunately, not in front of people. It's like she can sing in front of two people, which makes doing gigs a bit awkward.

I can see that…

But it was good. And it was a kind of continuation of the New Order thing of experimenting and doing something that you wouldn't normally do. Because that's how you do something different. It's like Bowie said, you do your best work when you're sort of just outside your comfort zone and you've got to do it. Otherwise, you just keep doing the same things over and over again.

Interview by Matthew Collin for ‘Dream Machines’‘Dream Machines’, February 23, 2022.

Photo: Factory Records promotional photo, 1985. 

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